The world’s largest synchronous electricity network has allowed many European countries to make power trading a part of everyday grid balancing. Until now, France has usually acted as the grid’s largest exporter, thanks to its location and nuclear fleet. But in 2020, Norway rose above France to become Europe’s powerhouse. What changed in the two countries, and is this an anomaly or a trend?
Renewables threaten to revolutionise the geopolitics of power generation, but until then, location is everything. Germany consumes the largest amount of power in Europe, with most of this coming from coal-fired plants. But as the country attempts to phase out more than 20GW of fossil fuels, how will it power its heavy industries?